Original post, visit this site: elm-chan.org
Before read the rest article/tutorial, please watch the video first.. . See the robot’s movement and i’t speed. This is very great…!

You may see the video here.

This line follower robot is very small and simple. This robot is running fast and follow the line very smoothly.

Mechanics

Introduction:
The robots in this book were designed to imitate biological lifeforms. Watching the snake robot moving through a room, it is interesting to observe the surprised reactions of people when it quickly turns towards them. People actually regard the robot as being alive. I am struck with the thought that although these machines are not alive in our biological sense, they actually are alive, but as life-forms unto themselves. These artificially intelligent machines are the products of  uman imagination and technical understanding. As the technology advances, the line between living and non-living matter is slowly becoming blurred.

Aims of this book

Mechatronics – Principles and Applications is designed to serve as a mechatronics course text. The text serves as instructional material for undergraduates who are embarking on a mechatronic course, but contains chapters suitable for senior undergraduates and beginning postgraduates. It is also valuable resource material for practicing electronic, electrical, mechanical, and electromechanical engineers.

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One important feature of MOSFET transistors is that they contain an intrinsic (unavoidable, built-in) diode between their drain and source. This diode acts as a catch diode in an H-bridge configuration, and most MOSFET datasheets specify the parameters of this diode. It is thus possible to use this built-in diode of the transistors and not provide external ones if the specification of this diode meet the design requirements. For bipolar transistors there’s no such intrinsic diode so external diodes always have to be provided.

For more explanation, check up this explanation

And here the sample h-bridge schematic diagram with MOSFET:

Introduction
In school we learned many things: e.g. vocabulary, grammar, geography, solving mathematical equations, and coordinating movements in sports. These are very different things which involve declarative knowledge as well as procedural knowledge or skills in principally all fields. We are used to subsume these various processes of obtaining this knowledge and skills under the single word “learning”. And, we learned that learning is important. Why is it important to a living organism?

Learning is a crucial capability if the effective environment cannot be foreseen in all relevant details, either due to complexity, or due to the nonstationarity of the environment. The mechanisms of learning allow nature to create and re-produce organisms or systems which can evolve — with respect to the later given environment —optimized behavior.